Application of industrial endoscope in Aeroengine bore detection
As a more convenient way of travel, civil aviation has been widely accepted and has become one of the most important means of transportation for modern people's business and travel. At the same time, aviation safety has always attracted people's attention. As the "heart" of the aircraft, aero engines are closely related to aviation safety. Nowadays, there are various non-destructive testing tools for testing and repairing it. The use of industrial endoscope for hole detection is one of the routine tasks. It does not need to disassemble and destroy the engine structure, and can perform efficient testing. Accident prevention plays an important role.
The working environment of civil aviation engines is very harsh, under high temperature and high pressure for a long time, the internal temperature is as high as 2000 ℃, so if the potential safety hazards are not eliminated in time, it may cause serious consequences. It is necessary to use videoscopes for regular non-destructive testing. So what aspects of the industrial videoscope can be used for inspection? Mainly in the following aspects:
1. Compressor inspection.
2. Detection of combustion chamber components.
3. Turbine blade inspection.
Check the compressor and turbine internal blades for flaws, cracks, incompleteness, etc., and check the internal damage of the combustion chamber. If necessary, it is necessary to accurately measure the size of the defect to formulate corresponding countermeasures.
Hole inspection through the endoscope can quickly and timely find the internal structural damage of the engine, continue to track and evaluate the expansion of the damage, avoid greater damage, effectively reduce the maintenance cost of the engine, and fully save the maintenance downtime. Of course, at the same time, engine hole inspection is also a complex task, and its accuracy is closely related to the operational level, work experience, theoretical knowledge and other qualities of the inspectors. Therefore, in general, hole inspection needs more experience. , Skilled inspection personnel perform operations to avoid missed inspections and false inspections; at the same time, professionals are also required to perform more accurate image analysis to avoid false inspections and misjudgments of the inspection results, thereby incurring unnecessary additional costs.
Visual Inspection Using Borescopes
In recent years, many facilities have obtained borescopes for processing personnel to use during visual inspection of endoscopes. Borescopes are tiny flexible endoscopes that can be used to look inside the small areas of medical instruments, and they are particularly well suited to inspect the interiors of ports and lumens. The utility of borescopes in visual inspection was initially established during an investigation of surgical site infections linked to contaminated instruments used in knee and shoulder surgery. When investigators used a borescope to look inside arthroscopic shavers, they found retained debris, including bone fragments and brush bristles.27 In a foundational study by Azizi et al.,28 visible residue or debris was detected inside 95% of 350 lumened surgical instruments.
Ofstead Studies Involving Borescope Examinations
After learning about the potential value of borescopes for identifying retained soil and debris, our team designed a study where the ports and channels of 20 colonoscopes and gastroscopes were carefully inspected three times during a seven-month period.7 Our goals were to determine whether damage and debris accumulated over time and whether more rigorous processing could completely eliminate contamination. This was the first time a medical borescope was used to prospectively monitor endoscope cleanliness and damage over time, so we had to develop our own protocol and reference materials.
First, we familiarized ourselves with the normal appearance of endoscope ports and lumens (Figure 1). During the baseline assessment, we inspected the inside of ports and channels and took photographs at specified points inside each endoscope. That way, we could compare the appearance of each component at baseline with how it looked at follow-up assessments. We were also able to compare each colonoscope or gastroscope with others in the fleet, which helped determine whether what we saw were normal features of the channels or ports or irregularities that required assessment by an endoscope maintenance technician.
A wireless electronic endoscope that transmits signals by Wi-Fi is developed for use in single-hole endoscopic surgery and future application to natural orifice surgery. The innovative electronic endoscope developed in this study has a disposable design, completely preventing patents from taking risks of cross infection. The main components of the endoscope are a disposable component of the front tip and the hand-held part of the rear tip. The front tip consists of a lens, metallic tube, and electronic joint whereas the rear tip consists of a power switch, image converter, wireless transceiver chip, and antenna.
Why it's done
An upper endoscopy is used to diagnose and, sometimes, treat conditions that affect the upper part of your digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach and beginning of the small intestine (duodenum).
Your doctor may recommend an endoscopy procedure to:
Investigate symptoms. An endoscopy may help your doctor determine what's causing digestive signs and symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Diagnose. Your doctor may use an endoscopy to collect tissue samples (biopsy) to test for diseases and conditions, such as anemia, bleeding, inflammation, diarrhea or cancers of the digestive system.
Treat. Your doctor can pass special tools through the endoscope to treat problems in your digestive system, such as burning a bleeding vessel to stop bleeding, widening a narrow esophagus, clipping off a polyp or removing a foreign object.
An endoscopy is sometimes combined with other procedures, such as an ultrasound. An ultrasound probe may be attached to the endoscope to create specialized images of the wall of your esophagus or stomach. An endoscopic ultrasound may also help your doctor create images of hard-to-reach organs, such as your pancreas. Newer endoscopes use high-definition video to provide clearer images.
Many endoscopes allow your doctor to use technology called narrow band imaging, which uses special light to help better detect precancerous conditions, such as Barrett's esophagus.
Risks
An endoscopy is a very safe procedure. Rare complications include:
Bleeding. Your risk of bleeding complications after an endoscopy is increased if the procedure involves removing a piece of tissue for testing (biopsy) or treating a digestive system problem. In rare cases, such bleeding may require a blood transfusion.
Infection. Most endoscopies consist of an examination and biopsy, and risk of infection is low. The risk of infection increases when additional procedures are performed as part of your endoscopy. Most infections are minor and can be treated with antibiotics. Your doctor may give you preventive antibiotics before your procedure if you are at higher risk of infection.
Tearing of the gastrointestinal tract. A tear in your esophagus or another part of your upper digestive tract may require hospitalization, and sometimes surgery to repair it. The risk of this complication is very low — it occurs in an estimated 1 of every 2,500 to 11,000 diagnostic upper endoscopies. The risk increases if additional procedures, such as dilation to widen your esophagus, are performed.
You can reduce your risk of complications by carefully following your doctor's instructions for preparing for an endoscopy, such as fasting and stopping certain medications.
Signs and symptoms that could indicate a complication
Signs and symptoms to watch for after your endoscopy include:
Fever
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Bloody, black or very dark colored stool
Difficulty swallowing
Severe or persistent abdominal pain
Vomiting, especially if your vomit is bloody or looks like coffee grounds
Call your doctor immediately or go to an emergency room if you experience any of these signs or symptoms.
How you prepare
Your doctor will give you specific instructions to prepare for your endoscopy. In some cases your doctor may ask that you:
Fast before the endoscopy. You will need to stop drinking and eating four to eight hours before your endoscopy to ensure your stomach is empty for the procedure.
Stop taking certain medications. You will need to stop taking certain blood-thinning medications in the days before your endoscopy. Blood thinners may increase your risk of bleeding if certain procedures are performed during the endoscopy. If you have chronic conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure, your doctor will give you specific instructions regarding your medications.
We observed recordings of pictures obtained from patients with diseases of the larynx by using a new type of rhino-larynx electronic endoscope, PENTAXVNL-1530 connected to a video processor, PENTAX EPM-3300 (Asahi Optical Co., Ltd.). The electronic endoscope differs from the fiberoptic endoscope in that it contains a small light-sensitive charge coupled device (CCD) chip that is attached to the tip of the endoscope. This electronic endoscope has the smallest CCD camera of 5.1 mm in diameter, in the tip portion, and can be passed through the nasal passage into the laryngeal cavity. The dynamic image provided by this system is superior to that obtained by a flexible laryngofiberscope in resolution of the detail.The system with this electronic endoscope was introduced and some clinical cases were presented.
